OMDB → KIAD

Guest

Details	From	OMDB - Dubai Intl
	To	KIAD - Washington Dulles Intl
	Flight Number	-
	Tags	generated
	Created	2 years ago
	Modified	-

Stats	Distance	6,275 nm / 11,621 km
	Max Altitude	35,000 ft / 10,668 m
	Waypoints	113
Social	Downloads	2
	Likes	0
Share

Download

X-Plane 11 X-Plane 8, 9 & 10 FSX/MSFS2020 FS2004/FS9 Infinite Flight FlightGear PMDG Airbus X X-FMC Squawkbox QualityWings iFly 747 TFDi 717 PDF JSON CSV KML

Looking for another format? Having issues loading an existing format? Contact us

Notes

Using NAT tracks from 4/6/2022 Basic altitude profile: - Ascent Rate: 2500ft/min - Ascent Speed: 250kts - Cruise Altitude: 35000ft - Cruise Speed: 420kts - Descent Rate: 1500ft/min - Descent Speed: 250kts Options: - Use NATs: yes - Use PACOTS: yes - Use low airways: yes - Use high airways: yes

Route

OMDB KIS UL223 LAM T217 EGSIR UL223 UMH G781 BONAM UT366 SONAD UL746 CRM UM860 KUGOS M860 INROG L981 ADVAB L980 SUBIX UL867 RADEL UL619 SUTEB L619 VALBO UL619 CUTEL L983 SAB UN562 MAC N562 MIMKU 5600N01100W RESNO B LOMSI N520A YRI J563 YSC V447 CAM V123 ALB V489 HUO V162 ETX V39 BOYER KIAD

	ID	Type	Via	Altitude (ft/m)	Position (lat/lon)	Dist (leg/tot)	Name
O	OMDB	APT	-	0 / 0	25.25110 / 55.37110	- / 0 nm	Dubai Intl
•	KIS	VOR	-	35,000 / 10,668	26.52520 / 53.96240	107 / 107 nm	KISH ISLAND
•	LAM	VOR	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	27.37280 / 53.18400	65 / 173 nm	LAMERD
•	LAGSA	FIX	T217 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	28.55170 / 52.34890	83 / 257 nm
•	DASDO	FIX	T217 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	28.90030 / 52.09750	24 / 281 nm
•	TOTNO	FIX	T217 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	29.18110 / 51.89330	19 / 301 nm
•	RUBAK	FIX	T217 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	29.43810 / 51.70500	18 / 320 nm
•	EGSIR	FIX	T217 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	29.77080 / 51.45970	23 / 344 nm
•	KIXOB	FIX	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	31.15470 / 50.41640	99 / 443 nm
•	ALTAX	FIX	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	32.50390 / 49.36170	97 / 540 nm
•	UKSIS	FIX	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	33.36640 / 48.66720	62 / 602 nm
•	TUKLO	FIX	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	35.17060 / 47.29750	127 / 730 nm
•	TAVNI	FIX	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	35.63530 / 46.94190	32 / 763 nm
•	REXAN	FIX	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	35.98060 / 46.65970	24 / 788 nm
•	KAPES	FIX	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	37.42220 / 45.33440	107 / 896 nm
•	UMH	VOR	UL223 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	37.68720 / 45.08440	19 / 916 nm	UROMIYEH
•	TUDNU	FIX	G781 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	37.88360 / 44.74640	19 / 935 nm
•	BONAM	FIX	G781 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	38.04890 / 44.29970	23 / 959 nm
•	VAN	VOR	UT366 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	38.46610 / 43.32520	52 / 1011 nm	VAN
•	TURNA	FIX	UT366 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	39.55860 / 41.35780	112 / 1124 nm
•	DAMAT	FIX	UT366 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	39.95610 / 40.66470	39 / 1164 nm
•	SONAD	FIX	UT366 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	40.41810 / 39.67640	53 / 1217 nm
•	BAMLA	FIX	UL746 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	40.64030 / 38.90280	37 / 1255 nm
•	CRM	VOR	UL746 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	41.26550 / 36.54890	113 / 1368 nm	CARSAMBA (SAMSUN)
•	SIN	VOR	UM860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	42.02230 / 35.07680	80 / 1448 nm	SINOP
•	KUGOS	FIX	UM860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	42.78060 / 34.08780	63 / 1511 nm
•	ABRAN	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	43.61720 / 33.12220	65 / 1577 nm
•	TUNSA	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	43.92330 / 32.75830	24 / 1601 nm
•	NEVKA	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	44.15750 / 32.47640	18 / 1620 nm
•	BOMKI	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	44.53500 / 32.03000	29 / 1650 nm
•	DIGAM	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	45.25830 / 31.11170	58 / 1708 nm
•	ANEDO	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	46.36330 / 29.69190	89 / 1797 nm
•	KIV	VOR	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	46.92600 / 28.90450	46 / 1844 nm	CHISINAU
•	NETED	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	47.11440 / 28.64920	15 / 1859 nm
•	ERADA	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	47.43920 / 28.20280	26 / 1886 nm
•	INROG	FIX	M860 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	48.41470 / 26.81280	80 / 1967 nm
•	RIMOS	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	48.75830 / 25.98000	38 / 2006 nm
•	GOTRA	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	48.91330 / 25.59830	17 / 2024 nm
•	KUSAK	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	49.34500 / 24.50170	50 / 2074 nm
•	ABSON	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	49.63060 / 23.75610	33 / 2108 nm
•	DIBED	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	49.88830 / 23.05830	31 / 2139 nm
•	ARSOG	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	49.99060 / 22.69970	15 / 2154 nm
•	NIDIP	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	50.29060 / 21.61280	45 / 2200 nm
•	ETITI	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	50.39580 / 21.21970	16 / 2216 nm
•	KOTEK	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	50.64720 / 20.25110	39 / 2256 nm
•	OBALU	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	50.71080 / 20.10940	6 / 2263 nm
•	ROGAL	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	50.98690 / 19.48560	28 / 2292 nm
•	MAKOV	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	51.14920 / 19.11190	17 / 2309 nm
•	BADNO	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	51.75000 / 17.67830	64 / 2373 nm
•	NILPU	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	51.95280 / 17.17500	22 / 2396 nm
•	ADVAB	FIX	L981 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.13060 / 16.72720	19 / 2415 nm
•	OBOLA	FIX	L980 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.19440 / 16.21140	19 / 2435 nm
•	KELOD	FIX	L980 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.23390 / 15.88330	12 / 2447 nm
•	BAREP	FIX	L980 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.27110 / 15.56440	11 / 2459 nm
•	SUBIX	FIX	L980 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.37970 / 14.58560	36 / 2495 nm
•	GERGA	FIX	UL867 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.60250 / 14.02810	24 / 2520 nm
•	RADEL	FIX	UL867 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.94940 / 13.10530	39 / 2559 nm
•	PODUS	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.95920 / 12.83060	9 / 2569 nm
•	VIBIS	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.97520 / 12.33860	17 / 2587 nm
•	PITEN	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	52.99000 / 11.81140	19 / 2606 nm
•	BKD	VOR	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	53.03450 / 11.54620	9 / 2616 nm	BRUENKENDORF
•	BUMIL	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	53.12000 / 11.28610	10 / 2627 nm
•	AMLUH	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	53.42900 / 10.32250	39 / 2666 nm
•	LBV	VOR	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	53.65260 / 9.57948	29 / 2696 nm	ELBE
•	GOLEN	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	54.05970 / 8.32083	50 / 2747 nm
•	DHE	VOR	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	54.18570 / 7.91070	16 / 2763 nm	HELGOLAND
•	GOMKU	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	54.65690 / 6.50000	56 / 2820 nm
•	ABLUN	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	54.85080 / 5.89509	23 / 2844 nm
•	SUTEB	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.00000 / 5.41882	18 / 2862 nm
•	VALBO	FIX	L619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.12890 / 5.00000	16 / 2879 nm
•	AVRAL	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.50940 / 3.71639	49 / 2928 nm
•	CUTEL	FIX	UL619 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.88580 / 2.37444	50 / 2979 nm
•	GOMOT	FIX	L983 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.91940 / -0.54417	98 / 3077 nm
•	MADAD	FIX	L983 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.91310 / -1.73389	40 / 3117 nm
•	SAB	VOR	L983 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.90750 / -2.20634	15 / 3133 nm	SAINT ABBS
•	MAC	VOR	UN562 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.43000 / -5.65041	120 / 3253 nm	MACHRIHANISH
•	DONIB	FIX	N562 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	55.71920 / -7.69556	71 / 3325 nm
•	MIMKU	FIX	N562 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	56.00000 / -10.00000	79 / 3404 nm
•	5600N01100W	LATLON	-	35,000 / 10,668	56.00000 / -11.00000	33 / 3438 nm
•	RESNO	FIX	-	35,000 / 10,668	55.00000 / -15.00000	148 / 3587 nm
•	55/20	LATLON	B (NAT)	35,000 / 10,668	55.00000 / -20.00000	172 / 3759 nm
•	56/30	LATLON	B (NAT)	35,000 / 10,668	56.00000 / -30.00000	345 / 4104 nm
•	56/40	LATLON	B (NAT)	35,000 / 10,668	56.00000 / -40.00000	335 / 4440 nm
•	55/50	LATLON	B (NAT)	35,000 / 10,668	55.00000 / -50.00000	345 / 4785 nm
•	LOMSI	FIX	B (NAT)	35,000 / 10,668	53.10000 / -56.78330	264 / 5050 nm
•	YRI	VOR	N520A (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	47.75650 / -69.58870	584 / 5634 nm	RIVIERE DU LOUP
•	YSC	VOR	J563 (AWY-HI)	35,000 / 10,668	45.31630 / -71.78810	172 / 5806 nm	SHERBROOKE
•	LIAND	FIX	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	45.06770 / -71.92420	16 / 5822 nm
•	RNPCY	FIX	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	45.00550 / -71.95790	4 / 5826 nm
•	HURDS	FIX	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	44.93790 / -71.99460	4 / 5831 nm
•	PLOTT	FIX	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	44.55500 / -72.20070	24 / 5855 nm
•	MPV	VOR	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	44.08550 / -72.44940	30 / 5885 nm	MONTPELIER
•	RUCKY	FIX	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	43.96390 / -72.59560	9 / 5895 nm
•	MUDDI	FIX	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	43.74440 / -72.85750	17 / 5912 nm
•	KERST	FIX	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	43.48550 / -73.02690	17 / 5930 nm
•	KOSPE	FIX	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	43.24000 / -73.18610	16 / 5946 nm
•	CAM	VOR	V447 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	42.99430 / -73.34400	16 / 5962 nm	CAMBRIDGE
•	TIMKE	FIX	V123 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	42.85710 / -73.59990	13 / 5976 nm
•	ALB	VOR	V123 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	42.74730 / -73.80320	11 / 5987 nm	ALBANY
•	AGNEZ	FIX	V489 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	42.22580 / -74.18850	35 / 6023 nm
•	CYPER	FIX	V489 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	42.10900 / -74.27380	7 / 6031 nm
•	SAGES	FIX	V489 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	42.04620 / -74.31950	4 / 6035 nm
•	FILPS	FIX	V489 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	41.94190 / -74.39520	7 / 6042 nm
•	WEARD	FIX	V489 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	41.76210 / -74.52500	12 / 6055 nm
•	RUBER	FIX	V489 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	41.62550 / -74.55090	8 / 6063 nm
•	HUO	VOR	V489 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	41.40970 / -74.59160	13 / 6076 nm	HUGUENOT
•	HOPCE	FIX	V162 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	41.31180 / -74.71690	8 / 6084 nm
•	SCOUP	FIX	V162 (AWY-LO)	35,000 / 10,668	41.05520 / -75.04290	21 / 6106 nm
•	FJC	VOR	V162 (AWY-LO)	30,300 / 9,235	40.72670 / -75.45470	27 / 6133 nm	ALLENTOWN
•	ETX	VOR	V162 (AWY-LO)	27,400 / 8,352	40.58100 / -75.68400	13 / 6146 nm	EAST TEXAS
•	FLOAT	FIX	V39 (AWY-LO)	24,600 / 7,498	40.43000 / -75.88440	12 / 6159 nm
•	BOYER	FIX	V39 (AWY-LO)	21,800 / 6,645	40.27690 / -76.08590	13 / 6172 nm
O	KIAD	APT	-	0 / 0	38.94770 / -77.46090	102 / 6274 nm	Washington Dulles Intl

Altitude Profile

Weather

Temperature / °C

Clouds and Precipitation
Forecast for 2024-11-27 06:00 UTC. Updated 3 hours ago

Winds

OMDB

Details	ICAO	OMDB (DXB)
	Name	Dubai Intl
	Region	United Arab Emirates
	Timezone	Asia/Dubai (UTC+4.0)

Stats	Elevation	62 ft / 19 m (AMSL)
	Location	25.251100° 55.371100°
	Runways	2
	Magnetic Variation	2.379° E

METAR

TAF

Departure Runways

ID	Width	Length	Bearing (true/mag)	Surface	Threshold	Overrun	Markings	Lighting
12L	200 ft / 61 m	14,289 ft / 4,355 m	121.48° / 119.11°	ASPHALT	1,496 ft / 456 m	381 ft / 116 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II TDZ REIL-OMNI
12R	200 ft / 61 m	14,604 ft / 4,452 m	121.53° / 119.15°	ASPHALT	2,352 ft / 717 m	771 ft / 235 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II TDZ REIL-OMNI
30L	200 ft / 61 m	14,604 ft / 4,452 m	301.54° / 299.16°	ASPHALT	436 ft / 133 m	0 ft / 0 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II TDZ REIL-OMNI
30R	200 ft / 61 m	14,289 ft / 4,355 m	301.50° / 299.12°	ASPHALT	991 ft / 302 m	377 ft / 115 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II TDZ REIL-OMNI

KIAD

Details	ICAO	KIAD (IAD)
	Name	Washington Dulles Intl
	Region	United States
	Timezone	America/New_York (UTC-5.0)

Stats	Elevation	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
	Location	38.947700° -77.460900°
	Runways	4
	Magnetic Variation	10.670° W

METAR

TAF

Destination Runways

ID	Width	Length	Bearing (true/mag)	Surface	Threshold	Overrun	Markings	Lighting
01C	151 ft / 46 m	11,510 ft / 3,508 m	0.65° / 11.32°	CONCRETE	0 ft / 0 m	407 ft / 124 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD MALSR REIL-OMNI
01L	151 ft / 46 m	9,408 ft / 2,868 m	0.64° / 11.31°	CONCRETE	0 ft / 0 m	404 ft / 123 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II REIL-OMNI
01R	151 ft / 46 m	11,510 ft / 3,508 m	0.66° / 11.33°	CONCRETE	0 ft / 0 m	43 ft / 13 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II TDZ REIL-OMNI
12	151 ft / 46 m	10,513 ft / 3,204 m	110.71° / 121.38°	CONCRETE	0 ft / 0 m	20 ft / 6 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD MALSR REIL-OMNI
19C	151 ft / 46 m	11,510 ft / 3,508 m	180.65° / 191.32°	CONCRETE	0 ft / 0 m	43 ft / 13 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II REIL-OMNI
19L	151 ft / 46 m	11,510 ft / 3,508 m	180.66° / 191.33°	CONCRETE	0 ft / 0 m	387 ft / 118 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II TDZ REIL-OMNI
19R	151 ft / 46 m	9,408 ft / 2,868 m	180.64° / 191.31°	CONCRETE	0 ft / 0 m	404 ft / 123 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD ALSF-II REIL-OMNI
30	151 ft / 46 m	10,513 ft / 3,204 m	290.73° / 301.40°	CONCRETE	0 ft / 0 m	387 ft / 118 m	PREC-APP	CENTERLINE EDGE THRESHOLD REIL-OMNI

Approach Navaids

Runway	Type	Ident	Frequency	Range	Bearing (true/mag)	Slope	Elevation
01C	LOC-ILS	IOSZ	111.30 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	0.65° / 11.32 °	-	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01C	GS	IOSZ	111.30 MHz	10 nm / 19 km	0.65° / 11.32 °	3.00°	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01C	MM	MM	-	-	0.64° / 11.31 °	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01L	IM	IM	-	-	0.58° / 11.25 °	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01L	LOC-ILS	IOIU	110.75 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	0.58° / 11.25 °	-	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01L	GS	IOIU	110.75 MHz	10 nm / 19 km	0.58° / 11.25 °	3.00°	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01R	GS	IIAD	110.10 MHz	10 nm / 19 km	0.67° / 11.34 °	3.00°	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01R	IM	IM	-	-	0.67° / 11.34 °	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01R	LOC-ILS	IIAD	110.10 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	0.67° / 11.34 °	-	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01R	DME	IIAD	110.10 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	-	-	314 ft / 96 m (AMSL)
01R	OM	OM	-	-	0.67° / 11.34 °	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
01R	MM	MM	-	-	0.67° / 11.34 °	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
12	LOC-ILS	IAJU	109.30 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	110.74° / 121.41 °	-	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
12	GS	IAJU	109.30 MHz	10 nm / 19 km	110.74° / 121.41 °	3.00°	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
12	MM	MM	-	-	110.74° / 121.41 °	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19C	LOC-ILS	IDLX	111.30 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	180.65° / 191.32 °	-	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19C	GS	IDLX	111.30 MHz	10 nm / 19 km	180.65° / 191.32 °	3.00°	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19C	IM	IM	-	-	180.64° / 191.31 °	-	264 ft / 80 m (AMSL)
19L	OM	OM	-	-	180.67° / 191.34 °	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19L	LOC-ILS	ISGC	110.10 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	180.67° / 191.34 °	-	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19L	DME	ISGC	110.10 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	-	-	314 ft / 96 m (AMSL)
19L	GS	ISGC	110.10 MHz	10 nm / 19 km	180.67° / 191.34 °	3.00°	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19R	DME	IISU	110.75 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	-	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19R	LOC-ILS	IISU	110.75 MHz	18 nm / 33 km	180.58° / 191.25 °	-	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19R	IM	IM	-	-	180.58° / 191.25 °	-	313 ft / 95 m (AMSL)
19R	GS	IISU	110.75 MHz	10 nm / 19 km	180.58° / 191.25 °	3.00°	312 ft / 95 m (AMSL)